Answer :
Final answer:
When two monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide, a water molecule is released as a by-product. This occurs through dehydration synthesis, where hydroxyl and hydrogen atoms are removed to form a covalent bond between the sugars. Examples include maltose, sucrose, and lactose, which are formed similarly.
Explanation:
Formation of a Disaccharide from Monosaccharides
When two monosaccharides combine through a process known as dehydration synthesis, the by-product released is a molecule of water. In this reaction, a hydroxyl group (–OH) from one monosaccharide combines with a hydrogen atom (H) from another, leading to the formation of a covalent bond between the two sugars and resulting in a water molecule.
For example, in the formation of maltose from two glucose molecules, the reaction can be summarized as follows:
- One glucose donates a hydroxyl group.
- The other glucose donates a hydrogen.
- These contributions create a bond, forming maltose in the process.
- Meanwhile, a molecule of water is released as a by-product.
This removal of water is why the process is termed a dehydration reaction, and it is also referred to as a condensation reaction. Similar reactions can be observed in the formation of other disaccharides such as sucrose (from glucose and fructose) and lactose (from glucose and galactose).
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