Answer :
Final answer:
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and the Prague Spring of 1968 were both attempts by Hungary and Czechoslovakia to break free from Soviet influence, led by Imre Nagy and Alexander Dubček respectively. Both attempts were crushed by Soviet military intervention, resulting in reestablished communist regimes and halting the push for reforms.
Explanation:
Events in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 was a national uprising led by Hungarians who sought an end to Soviet domination. A pivotal figure in the uprising was Imre Nagy, who declared that Hungary would leave the Warsaw Pact and become neutral. However, after a brief period of seeming success, Soviet forces entered Hungary with a massive military response, resulting in thousands of casualties, and the subsequent execution of Imre Nagy. The uprising was suppressed, and a communist government under János Kádár was installed.
In Czechoslovakia in 1968, a similar attempt to reform the communist regime was initiated by Alexander Dubček, who sought to enact economic reforms and end government censorship, a period known as the Prague Spring. In response, the Soviet Union, led by Leonid Brezhnev, invaded Czechoslovakia to suppress the reformist movement, an event that marked the application of the Brezhnev Doctrine, which was designed to maintain control over Warsaw Pact countries. Resistance was eventually quelled and Dubček was replaced by the conservative Gustáv Husák, who reversed the reforms and reinstated strict government control.
